Causes of Infertility

Causes of infertility	Definitions	Treatments available at PROCREA Cliniques
Anovulation	Absence of egg production (cells meant to be fertilized by sperm) by the woman's ovary.	Induction of ovulation by using drugs that are taken orally or injected Egg donation (in the case of ovarian insufficiency)
Male infertility	Male fertility is contingent on: the production of sperm by the testicles the movement of sperm through the male genital tracts the absence of sperm-related abnormalities	Medical treatment Surgical correction Artificial insemination with spouse's sperm Artificial insemination with donor sperm In vitro fertilization with spouse's sperm In vitro fertilization through intracytoplasmic sperm injection using the spouse's sperm (ICSI) In vitro fertilization with donor sperm Percutaneous epididymal or Testicular sperm aspiration (PESA/TESE)
Tubal infertility (obstruction or alteration of the Fallopian tubes)	The Fallopian tubes (also known as the uterine tubes) are ducts that carry the egg or ovum to the uterus. If the Fallopian tubes are obstructed or altered this can cause infertility.	Laparoscopic surgery or laparotomy In vitro fertilization
Endometriosis	The word endometriosis is derived from endometrium, which is the mucus membrane that lines the uterus and that renews itself with each menstrual period. Endometriosis occurs when the endometrial tissue is found in other areas of the body - i.e. in the abdomen, on the ovaries and Fallopian tubes, on the outside surface of the uterus or even in the vagina. As a result, the endometrial mucus develops into lesions that can lead to several symptoms including infertility.	Medical treatment Surgical correction In vitro fertilization
Unexplained infertility	The term unexplained infertility is used when all possible and known causes for infertility have been explored or corrected and the patient is still unable to become pregnant.	Induction of ovulation with artificial insemination with the spouse's sperm Superovulation and intra-uterine insemination with the spouse's sperm In vitro fertilization